Cold Storage Dehumidifier: The Humidity Guardian of Cold Chain Storage

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Cold storage dehumidifier: the humidity guardian of cold chain storage

In the modern cold chain logistics and warehousing system, cold storage plays an extremely critical role, shouldering important missions such as food preservation, drug storage and industrial raw material preservation. M aintaining t he s tability o f t he i nternal e nvironment o f t he c old s torage i s c rucial t o e nsure t he q uality a nd s afety o f s tored i tems. Among them, humidity control is a key link that cannot be ignored, and the cold storage dehumidifier has become the core equipment to achieve precise humidity management.

Industrial Dehumidifier in cold storage test room

1.Analysis of cold storage humidity problems

Cold storage environments typically have lower temperatures, generally below 0°C and can even reach -30°C to -40°C. U nder s uch l ow t emperature c onditions, t he w ater v apor s aturation c ontent i n t he a ir i s g reatly r educed. W hen w arm a nd h umid a ir e nters t he c old s torage, o r w hen t he t emperature f luctuates i n t he w arehouse, t he w ater v apor i s v ery e asy to c ondense i nto w ater d roplets o r f rost, r esulting i n a n a bnormal i ncrease i n h umidity i n t he w arehouse. For example, during the high temperature period in summer, frequent opening of the cold storage door and the rapid influx of hot and humid air from the outside will cause a sharp rise in humidity.

Refrigerated environment

Excessive humidity poses a significant threat to items stored in cold storage. In food cold storage, high humidity creates a breeding ground for microorganisms such as mold and bacteria, accelerating food spoilage and shortening shelf life. Fresh fruits and vegetables, in high humidity environments, are prone to water stains on their surfaces, accelerating decay. Meat is susceptible to oxidation and microbial contamination, resulting in discoloration, odor, and other problems. In pharmaceutical cold storage, medications exposed to moisture can suffer serious consequences such as deliquescence, caking, reduced efficacy, and even loss of efficacy, posing a direct threat to patients' health and lives. For industrial products such as electronic components, high humidity can cause rust on metal parts and short circuits, impacting product quality and performance.

Fruit and vegetable skin in high humidity environment Damp medicines Rusty metal parts of electronic components

2.Working principle and types of cold storage dehumidifiers

(I) Working Principle

- Refrigeration Dehumidification Principle: Refrigeration-type cold storage dehumidifiers are the most common type. Their operating process is similar to that of household air conditioners. After being drawn into the dehumidifier by the fan, humid air first flows through the evaporator. The surface temperature of the evaporator is far below the air dew point. Water vapor in the air quickly condenses into liquid water upon cooling, and is discharged through the drainage system. The dehumidified air then flows through the condenser, where it is heated to a relative high.

- Adsorption Dehumidification Principle: Adsorption dehumidifiers use special adsorbent materials (such as silica gel, molecular sieves, and calcium chloride) to dehumidify the air by adsorbing water vapor. As humid air passes through the adsorbent material, water vapor is adsorbed on the surface, achieving the dehumidification effect. When the adsorbent material reaches saturation, it needs to be regenerated, for example, by heating, to release the adsorbed water and restore its adsorption capacity. Desiccant adsorption dehumidifiers fall into this category and are suitable for special cold storage environments with extremely high humidity requirements and relatively low temperatures.

- Rotary Dehumidification Principle: The core component of a rotary dehumidifier is a rotor made of a hygroscopic material. The rotor rotates slowly. Moist air enters the dehumidifier and first passes through the rotor's moisture absorption zone, where water vapor is captured by the adsorption material, achieving dehumidification. As the rotor rotates, the absorbed moisture enters the regeneration zone, where it is heated by hot air or other means, evaporating and discharging the moisture. The rotor then restores its moisture absorption capacity, and the cycle repeats. Rotary dehumidifiers can operate stably within a wide temperature range (-40°C to +40°C), making them particularly suitable for cold storage with low temperature and low humidity requirements.

(II) Types

-Dedicated Dehumidifiers for Low-Temperature Cold Storage: Designed specifically for the low-temperature environments of cold storage, these dehumidifiers utilize a specialized refrigeration system and materials, enabling stable operation at temperatures between 2°C and 8°C, effectively preventing frost and ensuring efficient dehumidification. Key components such as the compressor, evaporator, and condenser have been optimized for low-temperature operation and are widely used in cold storage facilities in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

-Rotary Dehumidifiers: They offer excellent low-temperature adaptability, operating in temperatures between -20°C and 65°C. Rotary dehumidifiers offer a large dehumidification capacity, meeting the needs of large cold storage facilities. Their stable dehumidification performance is unaffected by ambient temperature fluctuations. Rotary dehumidifiers are widely used in high-end cold storage facilities that require extremely precise humidity control, such as those storing electronic chips.

-Conventional Refrigerated Dehumidifiers: They generally operate in ambient temperatures between 5°C and 38°C and are relatively affordable. For cold storage facilities used for fresh fruits and vegetables at higher temperatures (typically between 0°C and 10°C), where humidity issues are less severe, conventional refrigerated dehumidifiers can be used. However, in low temperature environments, its dehumidification effect will be greatly reduced, and frost is likely to occur, affecting normal operation.